First stars and galaxies in the early universe took place sooner than we thought - Curiosity Streamer

What do you think about the formation of early stars and galaxies after the Big Bang, whether it take too long?  

                                                                        

First generation star know as population III stars image credit :  ESA/Hubble, M. Kornmesser and NASA

New results from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope suggest the formation of the first stars and galaxies in the early universe took place sooner than previously thought. These assumption are made based to first formed objects right after the Big Bang explosion. astronomers have found no evidence of the first generation of stars, known as Population III stars, as far back as when the universe was just 500 million years old.

The exploration of first formed objects in universe like galaxies and star like Population III become a difficult task. We do not know when or how the first stars and galaxies in the universe formed. These questions can be addressed with the Hubble Space Telescope through deep imaging observations. Hubble allows astronomers to view the universe back to within 500 million years of the big bang. 

The team of astronomers start a study to explore population III starts in early stages of universe. these kind of stars are mainly made of primodial material formed during Big Bang. and they are made of element like hydrogen, helium, lithium because these are lightest element and the only elements that existed before processes in the cores of these stars could create heavier elements, such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and iron.   

The researchers probed the early universe from about 500 million to 1 billion years after the big bang by studying the cluster MACS J0416 and its parallel field with the Hubble Space Telescope. and they find no evidence for the formation of population III stars, this shows that the universe may formed earlier then we expected. 

The result was achieved using the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys, as part of the Hubble Frontier Fields program. This program (which observed six distant galaxy clusters from 2012 to 2017) produced the deepest observations ever made of galaxy clusters and the galaxies located behind them which were magnified by the gravitational lensing effect, thereby revealing galaxies 10 to 100 times fainter than any previously observed. The masses of foreground galaxy clusters are large enough to bend and magnify the light from the more distant objects behind them. This allows Hubble to use these cosmic magnifying glasses to study objects that are beyond its nominal operational capabilities. 

These results have profound astrophysical consequences as they show that galaxies must have formed much earlier than we thought. These results also suggest that the earliest formation of stars and galaxies occurred much earlier than can be probed with the Hubble Space Telescope. This leaves an exciting area of further research for the upcoming NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope — to study the universe's earliest galaxies.